#10 Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia (1646-1684)
First woman in the world to receive a PhD.

#9 Hypatia (lived around 400 ad)
The first woman to have an impact on the science of math. She was ruthlessly murdered in her hometown of Alexandria.

#8 Winifred Edgerton (1862-1951)
First American woman to recieve a PhD in mathematics. Born in Wisconsin, she received her PhD from Columbia.  After completing all the requirements, she was turned down  first time.

#7 Florence Nightingale ( 1820-1910)
What did she have to do with mathematics? She revolutionized how statistics are gathered and displayed.

#6 Caroline Herschel (1750-1848)
She discovered a comet, but apparently never learned her times tables!

#5 Mary Everest Boole (1832-1916)
Became most interested in teaching math and science to children. Used "string geometry" to help depict shapes.  Yes, she was a bit odd in her "other" beliefs, but aren't we all?

#4 Sophie Germain (1776-1831)
She developed a theorem that is a basis for proving Fermat's Last Theorem. Certain prime numbers are called "Sophie Germain Primes."

#3 Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718 - 1799 )
Wrote a book on calculus and an equation that when graphed became known as "The Witch of Agnesi."

#2 Ada Lovelace, daughter of Lord Byron (1815-1852)
Worked with Charles Babbage and his counting machines. Could she possibly be the first person to think about programming computers?

#1 Grace Murray Hopper ( 1906-1992)
THE first lady of computers.
Had major impact on the first computers.  Supposedly came up with the computer slang word "bug."  Was member of the US Navy and reached the rank of Rear Admiral.  Without her, you probably wouldn't be seeing this!

And there you have them! I know many of you will disagree,but these are MY favorites.  I encourage anyone to get  further information on the many colorful and brilliant woman who have been overlooked in the mathematics history books. Do a search if you want more information.